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L'Atlantide et les Basques; essai de bibliographie

Abartiague, William d'

Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1937

 

See also Animate and Inanimate in Basque and Algonquin Languages

 


Mystery wraps what seems to be an impenetrable veil not only around the origin of the Basques, this mysterious people which currently occupies both sides of Western Pyrenees, but also around the existence of Atlantis, the great mysterious continent that today is covered by the deep waters of the ocean.

Of the ancient race of the "Eskualduna", there are still a few remains that will perhaps one day relate to their origin lost in the mists of time. Of the old land of the Atlanteans, there remain also a few traces that would help take us back at times to its distant existence.

Research on this subject has led us to admit the possibility, then the probability and finally the almost certainty of the existence in prehistoric times of a continent, and later to a series of islands close each other today under the waters of the Atlantic.

Not only the comparative study of languages, vocabulary, grammar and syntax, but also geology, archaeology, malacology and other sciences provide numerous testimonials of the important connection of the parent of the Basques with certain Aboriginal races of the new world, especially with the Incas of Peru and with the Algonquins and the Lenape of Canada.

Here are the conclusions that I believed to be able to deduce from an IHC on this topic:

1. In the accounts of Plato concerning Atlantis, there is certainly a fund of truth and science which constantly brings new evidence.

2. Several theories have been proposed regarding thc location of Atlantis. Recent underwater explorations, studies in geology, fauna and fossil, and of malacology [the branch of zoology that deals with mollusks] seem to demonstrate that:

    (a) once, the old and the new world gathered by Atlantis from a single continent.

    (b) then, little by little, Atlantis separated from Europe and America to form a separate continent.

    (c) then this movement of dislocation and subsidence extending, Atlantis decreased by ... help!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Books in LOC Published by Impr. du "Courrier"
 


===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/35010931

Personal name: [Magnan, M. Th.] [from old catalog]

Main title: Souvenirs basques; Etcheverry.

Edition: (4. éd.)

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1932.

Description: 26 p. illus., pl. 24 cm.


CALL NUMBER: DC801.B62 M3 1932 Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms

===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/ltf90016144

Personal name: Tupigny, Jacques Pierre Meurgey, baron de, 1891- [from old catalog]

Main title: Les blasons des provinces et des villes basques.

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1932.

Description: 49 p.

CALL NUMBER: 4CR 84 FT MEADE Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE

===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/40003835

Personal name: Abartiague, William d', 1868- [from old catalog]

Main title: L'Atlantide et les Basques; essai de bibliographie.

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1937.

Description: cover-title, 12 p. 25 cm.

CALL NUMBER: Z6005.A8 A15 Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms

===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/ltf90035368

Personal name: Lasserre, Jean. [from old catalog]

Main title: L'origine de la Novempopulanie.

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1928.

Description: 48 p.

CALL NUMBER: 4DC 1196 FT MEADE Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE

===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/30018698

Personal name: Gavel, Henri.

Main title: Grammaire basque ...

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1929-

Description: v. 25 cm.




CALL NUMBER: PH5035 .G3 Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms

===================================================



===================================================

Permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/70212418

Personal name: Sallaberry, Jean Dominique Julien, [from old catalog] comp.

Main title: Chants populaires du pays basque.

Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. de V. Lamaignère, 1870.

Description: x, 215 p. 26 cm.



CALL NUMBER: M1732 .S17 Copy 1
Request in: Performing Arts Reading Room (Madison, LM113)

===================================================





CALL NUMBER: MLCS 85/4877 (D) FT MEADE Copy 1
Request in: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE



DISCLAIMER:
The records included in this email message were searched by a researcher using the Library of Congress Online Catalog, either from a workstation in a Library reading room or from some other location. Researchers working in the Library's public reading rooms are solely responsible for the legal implications of their activities, such as copying, uploading or downloading files, and/or posting electronic mail. In its public reading rooms, the Library permits research-related email only. The Library will not assume or accept liability for any violations of these conditions by researchers.


 


 

 

 

LC Control Number: 40003835 Type of Material: Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
 

Personal Name: Abartiague, William d', 1868- [from old catalog]
Main Title: L'Atlantide et les Basques; essai de bibliographie.
Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1937.

Description: 12 p. 25 cm. Subjects: Atlantis--Bibliography. [from old catalog] Basques--Bibliography. [from old catalog]
 LC Classification: Z6005.A8 A15
______________________________
CALL NUMBER: Z6005.A8 A15 Copy 1 -- Request in: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms -- Status: Not Charged =========================================================

Hello Dan Mahony

The Library of Congress has not kept a separate record of how we obtained each book. The LCCN is 40003835, which tells us that the Library cataloged the book in 1940. Markings inside the book indicate that we received the book in 1939. No other markings on the book or binding tell us anything of help. The book was published in Bayonne, France at the Courrier printing house in 1937. The Library has many books from the 1920s, 30s, and 40s from Bayonne, six of which were published by the Courrier printing house. The cataloging of those books is spread out over time, so it is possible that the Library recognized the importance of receiving books from Bayonne in the early decades of the 20th century, especially as a source of materials about the Basques. The pattern suggests that the books might have been systematically purchased, but it is possible that we received them on exchange or by donation over several years.

Helen Fedor
European Division
Library of Congress

========================================

Dear Mr. Dan Mahoney:

L'Atlantide et les Basques is not on the shelf. I looked one shelf up, one shelf down, and across the whole shelf where it should be, but it isn't there.

Below my signature are some libraries that are credited with having this title. I am cancelling your order.

Sincerely,

Margaret Kieckhefer

------------------

NYPL
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building

Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street
New York, NY 10018-2788
(917) 275-6975

-----------------

Newberry Library

[60 W Walton St, Chicago, IL 60610]
http://www.newberry.org/

•Ginger Frere, Reference Librarian
frereg@newberry.org, (312) 255-3721

•Jill Gage, Reference Librarian
gagej@newberry.org, (312) 255-3635

•Helen Long, Reference Librarian
longh@newberry.org, (312) 255-3679

•Katie McMahon, Reference Librarian
mcmahonk@newberry.org

-----------------
Bibliotheque Nationale de France
http://www.bnf.fr/en/collections_and_services/reproduction_services.html

 

========================================
Sent: Monday, July 01, 2013 11:21 PM
To: Kiechefer, Margaret
Subject: Re: L'Atlantide et les Basques

Hello Margaret Kiechefer:

Thank you for your prompt and careful search.

I believe the reason the book was not home when you arrived is that it was on a weekend getaway in the European Division.
 

Helen Fedor had it while she answered some questions from me.
I'm surprised there was no note on the door for you.

Please reinstate my order.

Cheers.

Dan Mahony

505.296.6656

=========================================

Dear Mr. Dan Mahoney:

Helen Fedor did indeed have the book. I'll send an invoice tomorrow.

Margaret

 

 

 

W. J. Sidis wrote the following in The Tribes and the States, Chap. One, ca. 1937.

      

       2. The Cro-Magnons.  In connection with the pre-history of the red peoples, an important fact is that there were red men at one time in Europe as well as in America. The most persistent of Europe's cave-dwelling races were the Cro-Magnons, who were physically very much like the red race, and are even shown by some cave paintings in Western Europe as colored red and wearing the same sort of top-feathers as were common among the eastern Algonquins of North America. The Cro-Magnons were mainly located near the Atlantic regions of Europe, though found over most of Europe and northern Africa. The densest Cro-Magnon population appears to have been around the head of the Bay of Biscay, where there is still spoken a language called Basque, which is totally unrelated to any language on earth, but whose general structure resembles only the red-race languages of America. That this type of language must have once been general through most of Europe is indicated by European place-names; so that, apparently, the language spoken in Europe before the advent of the Aryans must have been one of red-race structure.

 


See also Animate and Inanimate Nouns in Basque and Algonquin Languages

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basque Prehistory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Prehistory

 

--------------------------------------------

20 Most Fascinating Prehistoric Cave Paintings

http://www.oddee.com/item_93915.aspx

 

------------------------------------------

 

Cave of El Castillo

Access to the cave, in April 2008.

Engraved and perforated baton of the upper magdalenian found in the Cave of El Castillo.


The Cueva de El Castillo, or the Cave of the Castle, is an archaeological site within the complex of the Caves of Monte Castillo, and is located in Puente Viesgo, in the province of Cantabria, Spain. It contains the oldest known cave art in the world, which may be more than 40,000 years old.[1][2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_El_Castillo

The second-oldest known cave art is that of Chauvet Cave in France, the paintings of which date to earlier than 30,000 BCE (Upper Paleolithic) according to radiocarbon dating.[6] Some researchers believe the drawings are too advanced for this era and question this age.[7] However, more than 80 radiocarbon dates had been taken by 2011, with samples taken from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The radiocarbon dates from these samples show that there were two periods of creation in Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago. One of the surprises was that many of the paintings were modified repeatedly over thousands of years, possibly explaining the confusion about finer paintings that seemed to date earlier than cruder ones.[8] In 2009, spelunkers discovered drawings in Coliboaia Cave in Romania, stylistically comparable to those at Chauvet.[9] An initial dating puts the age of an image in the same range as Chauvet: about 32,000 years old.[10]

Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well-known Magdalenian style seen at Lascaux in France (c. 15,000 BCE) and Altamira in Spain died out about 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the advent of the Neolithic period. Some caves probably continued to be painted over a period of several thousands of years.[13]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting


30,000 year old cave hyena painting found in the Chauvet Cave.
 

 

Well known cave paintings include those of:


Lascaux, France
Grotte de Cussac, France
Pech Merle, near Cabrerets, France
La Marche, in Lussac-les-Châteaux, France
Chauvet Cave, near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France
Cave of Niaux, France
Cosquer Cave, with an entrance below sea level near Marseille, France
Font-de-Gaume, in the Dordogne Valley in France
Cave of Altamira, near Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain
Cueva de La Pasiega, Cuevas de El Castillo, Cantabria, Spain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting

Polychrome cave painting of a wolf, Font-de-Gaume.
Other sites include Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England, (cave etchings and bas-reliefs discovered in 2003), Coliboaia Cave[22] in Romania and Magura Cave in Bulgaria.

 

Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/13/prehistoric-cave-art-discovered-in-basque-country/

 

 

 

Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country

Entrance to Askondo -- Unlike many other caves, Askondo can still be entered by the same passage used by the painters of the cave. Photo courtesy Diego Garate and Joseba Rios-Garaizar.


Map of Similar Horse Images Throughout Europe


Similar "duck billed" horse images have been found throughout Europe separated by thousands of years and hundreds of miles. Map by Stéphane Petrognani.

In a locally well known cave near an industrial town in Spain, researchers have unexpectedly discovered faint images of horses and hand prints dating back some 25,000 years.


Diego Garate of the Archaeological Museum of Biscay, in Bilbao. Photo courtesy Diego Garate.

Concerned that activity at a nearby stone quarry had destroyed much of the cave of Askondo, Diego Garate of the Archaeological Museum of Biscay in Bilbao, and Joseba Rios-Garaizar of the Max Planck Institute set out to determine if any archaeological material was still intact. They entered the cave outside the town of Mañaria and searched for bones, stones, and other artifacts. Only on their way out of the cave did they notice the paintings that they and many others had missed before. “Without a doubt,” says Garate, “[it was] a gift of destiny.”

Speleologists had worked in Askondo in the 1970s, and left their mark in the form of a bright red “3M7″ used to catalogue the cave, but they too missed the art just inches away. “They didn’t see the red horse!” says Garate. “Better for us. We will restore the figure.”

I spoke with Diego Garate over email to get more of the story.

How often do people find new paintings in this part of Spain?

The north of Spain is the first European region where caves with paleolithic art were located [in 1879 at Altamira], and for more than a century the findings have followed one another, every time with less frequency. In fact, in the province of Biscay, only four other decorated cavities have been found since 1904, so every new finding is very important.

Do you have any theories about why horses are shown so often in European cave art?

One thing we know is that the Palaeolithic artists did not strictly paint the same animals that they hunted and ate but, for some reason that we can’t understand, they chose other ones. In the north of Spain at the time the horses of Askondo were painted, hind [red deer] was the most represented animal. There are some caves that escape this tendency, perhaps due to regional artistic differences.

How do these compare to the paintings at Altamira or other caves in the area?

The paintings located in the cave of Askondo could be contemporary to the first stage of decoration of Altamira. In Altamira’s “ceiling of the polychromes,” below the famous bison, [older] red figures of horses are detected, very similar to the ones found in [Askondo]. There are other caves in the north of Spain–La Pasiega, La Haza, El Salitre, etc.–with red painted animals near the entrance of the cave, in zones of semi-darkness where still the sunlight arrives. [This contrasts with many of the more famous images from Europe, which are found in the darkest regions of caves. --A.H.]



Are there any ways in which the cave art of Spain as a whole is different from the cave art of France?

For the first periods of artistic activity, [yes]. The advantage of the cave of Askondo is that it is halfway between both territories. This geo-strategic position is reflected in the iconography, with some rather Pyrenean (French) elements like bones fitted into the walls, and some Cantabrian (Spanish) elements like twin outlines, and with others more general elements that appear on a large scale throughout Western Europe like the horses with “duck bills” or the hand stamps.



Do people living in the area now have any special beliefs about the caves?

There is a very ancient mythology in Basque culture related to caves. In fact, there is an old legend for Askondo cave which says that a young boy from the farmhouse near the cave passed close to the cave every day to go to spin wool in another farmhouse. One day the “lamiak” (half women-half duck mythological figure) who lived in the cave told him not to come back near the cave. He didn’t take care and one day he was [attacked] and disappeared in the cave. It is also said that Askondo cave was a witches’ meeting place.

The Basque language is the oldest spoken language in Europe…This ancient heritage makes us proud and aware of the necessity to preserve it in this globalized world.



What will happen next with your work in the cave?

At the moment, we have only done a preliminary study of the paintings. It is necessary to perform a detailed inspection of all the walls in the 300 meters of cave and also to perform some digging tests to know if there is an occupation site contemporary to the paintings. Also a restoration program is planned for the worst-conserved paintings. All these studies will be the object of a monographic publication where all the results of the project will be detailed.



See More Cave Art From National Geographic

Werner Herzog Talks About Making “Cave of Forgotten Dreams” in 3D

Explore France’s Niaux Cave

Dicover the Myths Behind the Rock Art of Hoyo de Sanabe

World’s Oldest Optical Illusion Found?

70th Anniversary of the Discovery of Lascaux

Keywords: Archaeology Basque cave art horses prehistoric rock art spain


Alex Jones
Colchester
April 8, 2012, 7:02 am

Horses are a symbol of the earth goddess.


Prehistoric Art With the Basques « The Adventures & Observations of Alice Kettle, Steampunk Anthropologist & Enthusiastic Traveller
July 25, 2011, 4:01 pm

[...] ‘In a locally well known cave near an industrial town in Spain, researchers have unexpectedly discovered faint images of horses and hand prints dating back some 25,000 years.’ Continue to read here. [...]




Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country « ufopress
May 31, 2011, 9:14 am

[...] Read more >> Categories: Uncategorized Tags: ancient, archaeology, awakening, basque, cave, cave art, civilisations, history, information, matter, news, prehistoric, reality, science, spain, wonders LikeBe the first to like this post. Comments (0) Trackbacks (0) Leave a comment Trackback [...]




Doc Hilliard
SoCal USA
May 22, 2011, 10:45 pm

Great story-would have been sensational had the “Basque country” been located in the sheep country outside Bakersfield California USA where thousands of Basques live and work.


Cave art uncovered in Basque country « Modern Men and Ancient Myths
May 19, 2011, 6:27 am

[...] Full details here: http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/13/prehistoric-cave-art-discovered-in-basque-country/

[...]


Dolores Regallis
Port Saint Lucie, Florida
May 16, 2011, 9:37 am

We are here or I am here, is the hand-print. The horse with a duck-like face is new to me. It doesn’t appear duck-like in the red outline, just grand and noble in movement. A great find from our past. Dolores, Art-Prints-Paintings http://www.art-prints-paintings.com




Prehistoric Paintings Found in Basque Village | Euskal Kazeta - Basque News
May 16, 2011, 12:19 am

[...] National Geographic has also written a story on the cave painting discovery. [...]




xzenoshot
usa
May 14, 2011, 9:01 pm

assuming the human impulse to make graffiti has remained the same (so that it would mean anything at all to us), the animals would be gang or tribal symbols meaning “we horse (deer/lion/rino/elephant/bison) people claim this turf”


 

 

                Sidis Archives Home Page

 


 

LC Control Number: 40003835 Type of Material: Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
 

Personal Name: Abartiague, William d', 1868- [from old catalog]
Main Title: L'Atlantide et les Basques; essai de bibliographie.
Published/Created: Bayonne, Impr. du "Courrier", 1937.

Description: 12 p. 25 cm. Subjects: Atlantis--Bibliography. [from old catalog] Basques--Bibliography. [from old catalog]
 LC Classification: Z6005.A8 A15
______________________________
CALL NUMBER: Z6005.A8 A15 Copy 1 -- Request in: Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms -- Status: Not Charged =========================================================


message-id: <1450376587.1372698066577.JavaMail.prodcon@qpap03pxdu.prod.oclc.org>
date: Mon, 1 Jul 2013 13:01:06 -0400 (EDT)
from: eurref@loc.gov
reply-to: "eurref@loc.gov" <questionpoint@oclc.org>
to: dan@danmahony.com
subject: Library Question - Answer [Question #8734497]
 

Hello Dan Mahony

The Library of Congress has not kept a separate record of how we obtained each book. The LCCN is 40003835, which tells us that the Library cataloged the book in 1940. Markings inside the book indicate that we received the book in 1939. No other markings on the book or binding tell us anything of help. The book was published in Bayonne, France at the Courrier printing house in 1937. The Library has many books from the 1920s, 30s, and 40s from Bayonne, six of which were published by the Courrier printing house. The cataloging of those books is spread out over time, so it is possible that the Library recognized the importance of receiving books from Bayonne in the early decades of the 20th century, especially as a source of materials about the Basques. The pattern suggests that the books might have been systematically purchased, but it is possible that we received them on exchange or by donation over several years.

Helen Fedor
European Division
Library of Congress

========================================

Dear Mr. Dan Mahoney:

L'Atlantide et les Basques is not on the shelf. I looked one shelf up, one shelf down, and across the whole shelf where it should be, but it isn't there.

Below my signature are some libraries that are credited with having this title. I am cancelling your order.

Sincerely,

Margaret Kieckhefer

------------------

NYPL
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building

Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street
New York, NY 10018-2788
(917) 275-6975

-----------------

Newberry Library

[60 W Walton St, Chicago, IL 60610]
http://www.newberry.org/

•Ginger Frere, Reference Librarian
frereg@newberry.org, (312) 255-3721

•Jill Gage, Reference Librarian
gagej@newberry.org, (312) 255-3635

•Helen Long, Reference Librarian
longh@newberry.org, (312) 255-3679

•Katie McMahon, Reference Librarian
mcmahonk@newberry.org

-----------------
Bibliotheque Nationale de France
http://www.bnf.fr/en/collections_and_services/reproduction_services.html

 

========================================
Sent: Monday, July 01, 2013 11:21 PM
To: Kiechefer, Margaret
Subject: Re: L'Atlantide et les Basques

Hello Margaret Kiechefer:

Thank you for your prompt and careful search.

I believe the reason the book was not home when you arrived is that it was on a weekend getaway in the European Division.
 

Helen Fedor had it while she answered some questions from me.
I'm surprised there was no note on the door for you.

Please reinstate my order.

Cheers.

Dan Mahony

505.296.6656

=========================================

Dear Mr. Dan Mahoney:

Helen Fedor did indeed have the book. I'll send an invoice tomorrow.

Margaret

 

 

 

 

 
 

Google Trans.

A mystery even seems to envelop its impenetrable veils the origin of Basques, this little mysterious people who currently holds the two sides of the Western Pyrenees, and the existence of Atlantis, the great mysterious continent that cover the deep waters today of the ocean.

The ancient race of "Eskualdunak", there are still some remnants that will perhaps one day connect them to their original lost in the mists of time; the old land of Atlantis remains there also some evidence that would help trace the stages of his existence far?

Research done on this subject led us through a little somehow insensitive, if not almost fatal to admit the possibility and probability and finally the almost certainty of the existence in prehistoric times of a continent gave way later to a series of islands very close to each other, once together and ensevelles New World and now under the waters of the Ocean Atlantic.

Not only the comparative study of languages, vocabulary as well as grammar and syntax, but also geology, archeology, Malacology and many other sciences provide many important testimony in favor of kinship Basque with some aboriginal races of the New World, particularly with the Incas in Peru and with the Algonquins and the Lenape in Canada.

Here queilea were the conclusions that I thought I could deduct a étudc on this subject:

1. In the stories of Plato ct Veterans on Atlantis, there certainly has a foundation of truth, and science constantly dc brings new evidence of this assertion;

2. Bicn several opinions were expressed about the location dc dc Atlantis, lea réccntcs underwater explorations of rétudc in géoiolgie, fauna and fl are fossil and QUC of Malacology seem to agree pout demonstrate that:

a) In the past, the Old and the New World were united by Atlantis in a single continent.

b) Then, little by little at the Atlantis separated from Europe and America to form a separate continent.

c) Then the dislocation movement and subsidence extending, Atlantis has decreased hearing and has not formed ceived a huge island surrounded by other smaller islands.





d) And Entin considerable movement of land,



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a cataclysm cllroyahle.engtoutlssam lenr ground snus water. n'cm pro.

dult cnntre shot by a tidal "the QNL détrnislt rnarée of a sudden their powerful

arlnée health.



- All CeCl évldemment is quite vague. the ct (Jrecs, whlch do manqualent



._3_



no imagination. are able to have invented this liistoire ton-

your parts; also the problem of dc Atlantlde he was always a theme

admirable for lovers of controversy; Porphyry and let Orig! -

not hold for the account of the fabulous laton while Posidomius. Bacon,

Buffon and Tournefort deem truthful.



- Forget the misty legends now and are asking the sci-

this more specific information. We denote. first of all. the re-

located region. in | '0co': an Atlantic in front of the gaping opening

Mediterranean is crossed by unc fracture zones bark terms

restrial: our globe PORTC a long crack that. after avolr falt around the

Pacitique, is extended by the ASIC south dc, Persia and Asia Mincure Jus-

has the Mediterranean. whose rivagcs dislocated bear the mark (the num-

ous convulsions; then. the fracture propagates: 5 travcrsla bowl-Atlan-

tick ° up to the Gulf of Mexiquc there she joined the whlch. from north to south

follows the ridge of 6pine Ann' the Two-cal. It results from the field QUC

presumed to be your old one Atlantlde trnuve clans of these sensitive areas:

whlch are doomed to convulsions; Ic fznneux trcmblement earth Lisbon

good, and most dcs dc tidal mart'-c I'lIistoire which brings us the TOZ-me-

mony are all manifestations of this activlté diving. We salt

d ° elsewhere. Ie that Strait dc liibraltar has not always existed; it

has ouvcrt qu'z \ the late Tertiary times, at the same time, by a

Conversely effort. the Panama i_stlIme arose by merging the two Ame-

nques.



-In This region. .1utres of ti-nwins sortcnt waves: it sontleslles

volcaniqucs the Canaries, the Azores and Madeira DC, that emerge from ablmes

reaching in places 6,000 meters, to prepare their 2000 peaks 9 me-

tres-dcssus to the waters; these girls are cut in eruptive rocks: and

yet there volt volcanlques of craters; also some géologuesles con-

siderent they like the last vestiges of a great continent ettondré which

FULFILLED America once the block | Old Continent.



- This assumption is supported by strong arguments, that is AIN-

so that the submarine cable linking Brest to Cape Cod is being broken by IBM,

immerses the grapple, A 3.01!) meters deep, to raise

sections. brought to the surface a curious sample of a rock called

tachyllthe; gold. this rock is sealed, as soon refrol- faves

3 dies following a volcanic eruption, and geologists believe that the

texture proves she was trained Pair fiber and under atmospheric pressure

phérlque. Thus a happy dredging certify that the regions

now submerged under saltwater kilometers were once

land area.



- Another science, biology, provides us with valuable information,

the most interesting of which were recucillis Mr. Germain. Wizard year

Museum of Natural History. This scholar found that the flora and fauna

the Canaries, the Azores and Madeira present analogies trappantes

with those of the neighboring atricaine rating. of the Iberian Peninsula, and even DC



4-.1



i'A.mérique Central. C "is how we find these dens' fies a --certaine

fern, Adiantum reniforme, who disappeared the old continent, .1_'n'ais

OA found fossil Rétat 3, year Portugal. More is still topical

| Index Foumi by $ 18 escatgots vulgar. The French, means not distinguc

in this' honorable corporation molluscs that two varieties: those

who eat salads and those who fronts the dc merchants

comestibies. have, to btanche coquilie, IOR made flesh savoureu-

is a mixture of heurre and dfepices; but no scholars hélicotogues

were not content dc cctte classificataon; they adjusted their lens, accounting

side the number of turns the key coqniile notes its indentations and cannelu-

res, which allowed IOR characterize more than 500 different espbces,

each with their habitat. However, it is the species known to QUC

Canary and Agores find themselves exactly the same. on iacéte

afiricaine neighbor; as it is unlikely that the cautious mollnsqnes



_SE be risky on the waves, we are led admcttre has what is



to "walk fermeu they won ies land actucllexnent insulairesez so,

almost as strong as the Garo F-'ontaine which pronvait Pexistenee

dc God with a pumpkin, demonstrate our ltélicologues Atlantis with you

a snail; this proves that there is no dc inutito science and facts

appearance insignificant component sometimes significant consequences,



"But when addressing these arguments, we find that" iI leads

much further than the No. supposalt of :: board. It has cbnstitué unc

new science. Ia biogeography, clont aims dc determine Ie place

original and Pairc dispersion dcs various species aniniales plant ct

That tent vivantcs fossils; Mr. Joleaud, who we are, in France, lc more emi-

NEET protagonist, also spent much of peinc ct science; and 1! could

see from étrangcs rappotts entrc the Old and New 'Continent;

c'cst ainsique number of animal especcs (ct rhomme is PASLA moinsinte-

ressantc) sc found similar to the same periods' géo'logiqnes two

Cetes of Vactuel Atlantic Ocean, such as hipparions, ancettes of chevai,

lcs behemoths Ies Iievrcs and rabbits; in the presence 'of the many

findings, the geologist is brought admit it qn'une communication

cation terrestrc would pcrrnis once: 1 dc cos animals move from one continent

NEET has | other: it is the famous theory of year land bridges ". A

These pants have réunijadis P fi pod has until early North Itmnéiique

Quaternary time, cutting | Atlantic in two. to mo-

ment on its effondretnent, bringing a sudden burst of water {king-

North of tepid in the South Seas, produced a oabaissement tem-

perature, heavy rains and floods cn order that our human-

nity has transfnis Ia legend as the deluge.



"So we geological inductions patient 2 ': admit that the Atlan-

tide Plato was itself the residue of a continent much

larger, which existed there it was millions of years, and 3 through which the

earthly life was propagated; one first efeffondrements series surve-

bare beginning of year quaternaite Pete, would cut pants between the two



-5-¥-.-



riyes' of .rAuantiqu ¢, 'and' a _ mataclysmesemt - h§9e'tn there is. '% ~'

par la noyadc enmassc .f!¢S.dbr.nie1's%_At!an_t‘es.. . V ‘ ' ~ -' ' ' _



0 - ‘~ . - I



the mus .. * ;; eitmdusions have. cm '

soicnt Qifa not presented as 'd_'mrpothéses they sembl_ent' ~ '-.'

A _ 'fi nportants for the questlonfd; .

the Atla_ntic [e no longer cons_idétée_ aujourdfhui _com_me a mystbre ct; jnno ..

légendc, but comm: ou_t'out a reality at least as hypo'- '%'.



E. _. .



liaéées am 'day' tém'oignages



thesis with unej va_i'eu "r = T s, that c§enti fl. °%



La fl ¢ solution u_prob: _zmg the dc Atl.anti'5de ',' born '1iier, -mxsgeiz' ode ';

~ Ct of peat-hui prouvéeiét be accepted from {naih, would cast jou1rtout.n0uveau; . '

on many .de = ,. facts and théo.ries scientiiiQues; 131 .résoudrait- "well



DESG problems

A bibliogg.

qui_ few works deal -of this.



which .n'ont 'pa be explained so far. . .



.



October eséai dc bibliography is certainly - and inevitably '- tits

plete But PMMA-ii pent-'etre be the basis of at least one indicaa_

‘tion J .‘

% _C'.est.da'ns This butique we ptions all who fi ntéressent AThis qua ': -. %%

tion ~ E_T who would experience the "s- studies conceming the Atlantide_ which inc solegm.



for bibliographic Sm 'this important subject. .



not metitidnnées hereinafter, dc kindly tell us wes ausai exactly

ment que possible. ~

William d’ABARTlAGUE.



General Secretary of the Company irzlernqlionale

d'Eludes Basques.



ap e of Atlantis can be utile_, here are the titles

=================================

._.|[...~.



Rzcwa (omgng - The Atlanllde, Country of I '/ Illa; mam Marat.'. Tmlde.

(Price II.



Ram~m.. — lmvatlgattons a] the Current: 0/ the Anantlc Ocean (I8Zfl).)



World Journal. - I5 janvler I924. - L.'A lanmle el Atlanta!.

Rome. — Refs: dwelt Marakka. (p. 21).



Rolsn. -- La Allantes. Elude: antlltlslarlques (I874).



Ruosecu (Glam).



Sum-Jonas (I-1.). - The Altanllde. (Review Oéagraphle Commercial:

vla-juln I92I. p. I7-21). ’



SAm-r-Jonas (H.). - The Atl ¢ mllde Solon and Plato N'e t qa'un myth:

(Bordeaux MRPL. Biérc I924 (Méridloaalc Review).



Smn'-Jonas (H.). - The Atlanllde and (RO-Ian Atlanllque (Botdcaux Print.

Biérc i925. in ~ 8 ° I2 p. I card, exlrall of Mérlllanale Review, I8

Man I925. '



Suarez (E). - Large: encyclopedic (with me come lrl fl lagrapltie).



No (O.-0.). --- Beskm-else. Deserlptlan da September muw.-to cumacb dlcauvem

between the Caribbean and (Ocean meridional Allantlque. (Stockholm In-4).



Scharff. — some remarks on the Atlantis problem. 903.



Scmemrz. - (Capltatne Baron van). - Fomclwngsrrlse (according to) SMS

. Gazelle. In den Yahren bl I874: I876. (The trip efexplardlan cm

ral:sea'a de 80 Maiestl la - Gazelle . en I874-I876. Berlin I889-ION,

5 vol. n-4°.



llltiralre 4} lravu’: (‘Ocean Atlanliaue el l'Od¢II India! It demurr-

physlque rnalltre of TES, of chlmle of malagle of gealogle. of Manl-

UAE at de mitearalagle.



SCOTT-ELLIOT (\II.). — The story of Atlantls.



SCOYT-ELLIOT (W.). - Lxnlstolre de l'Allantlde. - Esqume gtopapltlaue,

Ialstortque the ellmograplclque (tradalt of ranglais). Paris, Editions Rhea

I922, in-I2 VII + II3 p. 4 cartes.



Sums (De). - Dletlonnaire dc glograpaie gmque and ramalue.



On y team an excellent resume dea opinion: el dex passages da an-

eiens author: whlch out, year simplemerd [memlon garlic tradition eddi-

tively of the Going! ae, we gut out eommente passing Plum.



Seance (Lewis). '— The problem 0/ Atlantl: (London, Mfilllam Rider and

Son one). .



Sun (P. ). — On the lost Allantls (Dial. Chteago. Val. XIV, 1). I78).

STIIABON. - George. (L. XVI).



Tuonu-sou (C.). — Atlaells not a Myth. — Populu Selena Monthty New-

York. Vol. XV, p. 759.

Atlartls (jawnal 0/ srienee, Vol XVI, p. 746).



Touuouse-Lwnec (Count). - A poem (eatalan picnic.

Lvlllantide. (Part. Getvah: I884).



Vmmuu. - The / Itlantlde of Plalan. Dlssatdlon set its existence (IBIS).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Un meme mystère semble envelopper de ses voiles impénétrables l’origine des Basques, ce petit peuple mystérieux qui occupe actuellement les deux versants des Pyrénées Occidentales, et l'existence de l'Atlantide, le grand continent mystérieux que recouvrent aujourd’hui les eaux profondes de l'Océan.

De la race antique des "Eskualdunak", il reste encore quelques vestiges qui permettront peut-être un jour de les rattacher  à leur origine perdue dans la nuit des temps; de la vieille terre des Atlantes, reste-t-il également quelques traces qui aideraient à remonter aux époques de sa lointaine existence?

Des recherches faites à ce sujet nous ont amené, par une petite en quelqué sorte insensible, pour ne pas dire presque fatale, à admettre la possibilité, puis la probabilité et enfin la presque certitude de l'existence dans les temps préhistoriques d'un continent ayant fait place, plus tard, à une série d’iles trės rapprochées les unes des autres, réunissant autrefois et la Nouveau Monde et ensevelles aujourd'hui sous les eaux de l’Ocean' Atlantique.

Non seulement l'étude comparée des langues, du vocabulaire aussi bien que de la grammaire et de la syntaxe, mais également la géologie, l’archéologie, la malacologie et bien d’autres sciences fournissent des témoignages nombreux et importants en faveur de la parenté des Basques avec certaines races aborigènes du Nouveau Monde, en particulier avec les Incas au Pérou et avec les Algonquins et les Lénapés au Canada.

 Voici queilea étaient les conclusions que J'ai cru pouvoir déduire d’un étudc sur ce sujet:

1. Dans les récits de Platon ct des Anciens concernant l’Atlantide, il y a certainement un fonds de vérité, et la science apporte constamment dc nouvelles preuves de cette assertion;

2. Bicn que plusieurs opinions aient été émises au sujet dc l'emplacement dc l’Atlantide, lea réccntcs explorations sous-marines, rétudc de in géoiolgie, de la faune et de la flare fossile, ainsi quc de la malacologie semblent d'accord pout démontrer que: 

a) Autrefois, l'Ancien et la Nouveau Monde étaient réunis par l'Atlantide de en un seul continent.

b) Puis, peu at peu, l'Atlantide s'est séparée de l'Europe et de l'Amérique pour former un continent distinct.

c) Ensuite ce mouvement de dislocation et d'affaissement se prolongeant, l'Atlantide a diminué d'entendue et n'a plus formé çu une ile immense entourée d'autres iles plus petites.

 


 

d) Et entin un mouvement considérable de terrain,

 

«lit :1 true netlnn vulcanlnuc Intense -—- pltc-norm’-no qne les tranitiuns nuns nut tr.-m.~'mls sons

te nmn de deluge -« at détrnlt 3‘: pen pres tunt cc qni re~'latit de l‘.-ulznrtlde,

rte Inlssaltt stlhmtt-r nne r,nelqnes ilec, telle nne Mntlere. lea: Canzrrlemlee Açores, etc., etc.

 

Dans nu: récente cnmnlnuiczrtinn it l'.»\l.°.'nlérnle dos ’:lclerIces . M. Filip-

pnll a ccrnstuté que In It’-gemle relative at I’ewlnntlsserm-nt d’nn gram! enn-

rlncnt s'cst conserve!-e, ltnll senlement dams rnmlenne tigyptc, turns on-

core parmi les anciens penples de l‘:\In(-lique; or. il so: tr nuve que ces trsullo

ttnns zfaccortlcnt A placer Ia cataclysrne 3 l'épon_tle on le pntnt vernal. qui

lixe l'(-quinoxe du printemps. se trnuvult tlans la constellation zodincnle

dc l'Eerevlsse et. plus spéclalenlcnt. pres dc rétnlle (Praesepe Cnncrl). On

salt que, par suite dela précessiurl dcs equilluxes. lc polllt vernal (le flltlleux

point gamma clrer aux pnlytechnlclens) ¢lo.'cllt clans lc clel. en vlngt-slx mil-

Ie amt. um conrbe lermée qtli l';nnéne sncccssivenlerlt clans tnntes Ies cons-

tellatlnns (In znctlnnne; pnrtant dc la, an calenle lres .~slmpIemcnl qn'lI it an

traverser l’t-Lcrcvisse, ct passer prés dc l’étullc. en l'an 7256 avant Jesus-

Christ. It y auralt tlnnc nn pen plus dc nenl millc ans quc l‘AtIantlde au-

rnlt été précipitée «tans les ltnts. A cettc épuqne. l'l°Ig) pte umnuencait it

so clvlllser. ct ses lmhltants ne pnnvnlent rnaruntcr t|'C'N£ frappés par un

événement nussl dramattnne ; Ics supputzrlinns de M. t-'llipputl s'accordent

done avec le re’.-cit de Platun. et nous nnnncnt nnc raison de plus de Int :19-

corder crétulce. 

 

Mala eertatnement rien ne snnrait mleux o.'~branter le sceptlclsme des am:

at convalncre l'incrér.lullté (I08 antres qne In magistrate et succinct: etude

du tres grand et tr-op rnotleste savant M. L. llnnllevlgue:

 

- Parml ceux qul parlent ale l‘.-\t|antt¢l¢. lcs lecteurs the Pierre Benoit

sont plus nomhrcnx nue cenx cle Platnn : e'est pourtant damn I: Tlntée ct

dam lo Critias du grand plrilosnphe grec qu’ll lnnt tiller cllercller la dernié-

re trace dmnelégensle trnnsrnise mirage en age. et nne Platon nvult proba-

blemcnt enlpruntée aux ligyplicnst. l)';rprés co: qn‘il nuns rapporte, ii an.

rail existé jadls, uu large ales Culnnnes d'| lercule. que nous‘ appeluns :Iujour-

d'hul It dfitrnit sle Gibraltar. nnu lle iunnunse sépurée du continent, par

d'autres lles plus petites : elle étalt lmbltée par le penple guerrler des

Atlantea. qul avalt édlllé deux grandee vines. East‘.-hes et Malcllltnos. Les

Atlantesquittércnt urn jour Ieur lle pnur envahlr lcs terros sltuées vers 1'0-

rlent, et lenr rnée em pent-etre submerge Ics rive: dc la Medltcrranéc. st

un cataclysme cllroyahle.engtoutlssam lenr terre snus les eaux. n'cm pro.

dult par cnntre coup un raz «la rnarée qnl détrnislt d'un seul coup leur puis-

sante arlnée.

 

- Tout cecl est évldemment assez vague. ct les (Jrecs, qul ne manqualent

 

._3_

 

pas d'imagination. sont bien capables d'avoir inventé cette liistoire de ton-

tes pieces; aussi le probleme dc l’Atlantlde fut-il de tout temps un theme

admirable pour les amateurs de controverses ; laissons Porphyre et Orig!-

ne tenir pour fabuleux le récit de l’laton,tandis que Posidomius. Bacon,

Buffon et Tournefort l'estiment véridique.

 

- Oublions maintenant ces légendes embrumées, et demandons a la scien-

ce des renseignements plus précis. Nous noterons. tout d'abord. que la re-

gion située. dans |’0co‘:an Atlantique, en face de l'ouverture béante de la

Mediterranée est traversée par unc des zones de fracture de l'écorce ter-

restre: notre globe portc une longue felure qui. apres avolr falt le tour du

Pacitique, se prolonge par le sud dc l'Asic, la Perse et l'Asie Mincure jus-

qu'a la Méditerranée. dont les rivagcs disloqués portent la marque (le nom-

breuses convulsions ; puis. la fracture se propage :5 travcrsla cuvette-Atlan-

tique, jusqu°au golfe du Mexiquc on elle rejoint celle qul. du nord au sud

suit l’6pine dorsale des dcux Ann’-riques. ll résulte de la quc le domaine

presume de I'ancien Atlantlde se trnuve clans une de ces regions sensible:

qul sont vouées aux convulsions; Ic fznneux trcmblement de terre de Lis-

bonne, et la plupart dcs raz dc mart’-c dont I'lIistoire nous apporte le toZ-moi-

gnage sont autant de manifestations de cette activlté sous-marine. On salt

d°ailleurs. que Ie détroit dc liibraltar n'a pas existé de tout temps ; il ne

s'est ouvcrt qu'z\ la fin des temps tertiaires, en meme temps que, par un

effort inverse. l'i_stlIme de Panama surgissait en réunissant les deux Ame-

nques.

 

-Dans cette région. d'.1utres ti-nwins sortcnt des flots: ce sontleslles

volcaniqucs des Canaries, dc Madere et des Acores, qui emergent d'ablmes

atteignant, par endroits, 6.000 metres, pour dresser leurs pics 9 2.000 me-

tres au-dcssus des eaux ; ces lles sont taillées dans des roches eruptive: et

on y volt encore des crateres volcanlques; aussi certains géologuesles con-

siderent-ils comme les derniers vestiges d'un grand continent ettondré,qui

reunissait jadis l'Amérique au bloc de |'Ancien Continent.

 

- Cette supposition se trouve étayée par de solides arguments ;c'est ain-

si que, le cable sous-marin qui relie Brest au Cap Cod s'étant rompu en IBM,

le grappin immerge, A 3.01!) metres de profondeur, pour en soulever les

troncons. ramena a la surface un curieux échantillon d'une roche nommée

tachyllthe ; or. cette roche est vitrifiee,comme les faves rapidement refrol-

dies 3 la suite d'une eruption volcanique, et les géologues estiment que sa

texture prouve qu'elle a éte formee a Pair fibre et sous la pression atmos-

phérlque. C‘est ainsi qu'un heureux dragage nous atteste que les regions

actuellement englouties sous des kilometres d’eau salée furent jadis des

terres émergées.

 

- Une autre science, la biologic, nous apporte des renseignements précieux,

dont les plus interessants ont été recucillis par M. Germain. assistant an

Museum d’histoire naturelle. Ce savant a constaté que la faune et la flore

des Canaries, des Acores et de Madere présentent de trappantes analogies

avec celles de la cote atricaine voisine. de la péninsule ibérique, et meme dc

 

4-.1

 

i’A.mérique' Centrale. C"est ainsi qu'on trouve dens ces ‘fies une --certaine

fougére, l’Adiantum reniforme, qui a disparu du vieux continent ,.1_'n'ais

qu’oa a retrouvé 3 rétat fossile, an Portugal. Plus topique encore est

|’indice foumi par 18$ vulgaires escatgots. Le Francais, moyen ne distinguc

dans’ cette honorable corporation de mollusques que deux variétés: ceux

qui mangent les salades et ceux qui, aux devantures des marchands dc

comestibies. offrent, dans une btanche coquilie, ieur chair rendue savoureu-

se par une mixture de heurre et dfepices ; mais de savants hélicotogues no

se sont pas contentés dc cctte classificataon; ils ont ajusté leur loupe, comp-

té le nombre de tours cle la coqniile, note ses indentations et ses cannelu-

res, ce qui Ieur a permis de caractériser plus de 500 espbces différentes,

ayant chacune leur habitat. Or, it se trouve quc les especes reconnues aux

Canaries et aux Agores se retrouvent, exactement les memes. sur iacéte

afiricaine voisine ; comme il est peu probable que les prudents mollnsqnes

 

_se soient risqués sur les flots, nous sommes amenés a admcttre que-c’est

 

de «pied fermeu qu’ils ont gagné ies terres actucllexnent insulairesez ainsi,

presque aussi forts que le Garo de La F-‘ontaine, qui pronvait Pexistenee

dc Dieu par une citrouille, nos ltélicologues démontrent t’Atlantide avec

un escargot; ceci prouve qu’il n’y a pas dc science inutito et que des faits

d’apparence insignifiante component parfois d’importantes consequences,

 

«Mais lorsqu'on aborde ce genre d’arguments, on constate qu"iI mene

beaucoup plus loin qu’on no le supposalt d'::bord. It s’est cbnstitué unc

science nouvelle. Ia biogéographie, clont le but est dc determiner Ie lieu

d’origine et Pairc de dispersion dcs diverses especes aniniales ct végétales,

tent vivantcs Que fossiles ; M. Joleaud, qui on est, en France, lc plus emi-

nent protagoniste, y a dépensé beaucoup de peinc ct de science ; et 1! a pu

constater d’étrangcs rappotts entrc l‘Ancien et le Nouveau ‘Continent ;

c'cst ainsique nombre d’especcs animales (ct rhomme n’est pasla moinsinte-

ressantc) sc retrouvent pareilles aux memes époques 'géo‘logiqnes des deux

cétés de Vactuel Océan Atlantique, tels les hipparions, ancettes du chevai,

lcs mastodontes, Ies Iievrcs et les lapins ; en presence’ de ces nombreuses

constatations, le géologue se trouve amené it admettre qn’une communi-

cation terrestrc aurait pcrrnis jadis :1 cos animaux dc passer d’un conti-

nent a |’autre: c’est la fameuse théorie des an ponts continentaux». Un de

ces pants aurait réunijadis Pficosse a Itmnéiique du Nord jusqu'au debut

des temps quaternaires, coupant ainsi |'Atlantique en deux. jusqu'au mo-

ment on son effondretnent, amenant une irruption soudaine des eaux {roi-

des du nord dans les mers tiedes du sud, produisit un oabaissement de tem-

perature, des pluies abondantes et cnfin des inondations dont notre huma-

nité s’est transfnis Ia légende sous le nom de deluge.

 

«Ainsi, les inductions géologiques nous patient 2': admettre que l’Atlan-

tide de Platon n’était elle-meme que le résidu d’un continent beaucoup

plus vaste, qui existait it y a des millions d’années, et 3 travers lequel la

vie terrestre s’était propagee ; one premiere série efeffondrements, surve-

nue an debut de Pete quaternaite, aurait coupe les pants entre les deux

 

-5-¥-.-

 

riyes‘ de .rAuantiqu¢,’et' mataclysmesemt a_;-.h§9e‘tn y a‘ %  ~ «

par la noyadc enmassc .f!¢S.dbr.nie1's%_At!an_t‘es.. . V ‘ ' ~  -' ' ' _

 

0 - ‘~ . - I

 

les;;eitmdusions*.. mus avons. cm   '

ne soicnt présentées qifa titre ’d_’mrpothéses, elles sembl_ent' ~ ' - .'

A _' a  finportants pour que la questlonfd; .

l’Atla_ntic[e ne soit plus cons_idétée_ aujourdfhui _com_me' un mystbre ct; jnno’ ..

légendc, mais bien comm: une réalité ou_t'out au moins comme une hypo‘- ’% ' .

 

E . _. .

 

liaéées am‘ den 'tém'oignages

 

these ayant unej va_i’eu"r=T s,c§entiflque.% °

 

, Laflsolution ¢u_prob:_zmg dc l’Atl.anti'5de',‘ née '1iier,-mxsgeiz «ode   ‘ ;

~ d’hui ct peat-étre prouvéeiét admise,de{naih, jetterait un jou1rtout.n0uveau; . ‘

sur un grand nombre .de=,.faits et de théo.ries?scientiiiQues; 131 .résoudrait-"bien

 

desg problémes

Une bibliogg .

quelques ouvrages qui_ traitent -de cette question.

 

qui .n’ont ‘pa etre expliqués jusqu’ici. . .

 

.

 

Oct eséai dc bibliographic est certainement -- et forcément '—- tits

plet: mais-ii pmma pent-‘etre servir de base on tout au moins d’indicaa_

‘tion  J .‘

% _C’.est.da'ns ce butique nous ptions tous ceux qui fintéressent acette qua’:-. % %

tion ~e_t qui connaitraient de“s- études concemant l’Atlantide_ qui inc solegm.

 

pour une bibliographic Sm‘ cet important sujet. .

 

pas metitidnnées ci-aprés, dc vouloir bien nous wes indiquer ausai exacte-

ment que possible. ~

William d’ABARTlAGUE.

 

Secrétaire général de la Société irzlernqlionale

d'Eludes Basques.

 

ap ‘e de l’Atlantide pouvant étre utile_, voici les titres

=================================

._.|[...~.

 

Rzcwa (omgng. — L'Atlanllde, Pays de I‘/Illa: ; mam. Marat,’ Tmlde.

(Pris I I .

 

Ram~m.. — lmvatlgattons a] the Current: 0/ the Anantlc Ocean (I8Zfl).)

 

Revue Mondiale. - I5 janvler I924. -- l.'A!lanmle el la Atlanta.

Rome. — Refs: dwelt Marakka. (p. 21).

 

Rolsn. -- La Allantes. Elude: antlltlslarlques (I874).

 

Ruosecu (Glam).

 

Sum-Jonas (I-1.). - L’Altanllde. (Revue de Oéagraphle Commercial:

vla-juln I92I. p. I7-21). ’

 

SAm-r-Jonas (H.). —- L'Atl¢mllde de Solon et de Platon n’e:t qa’un myth:

(Bordeaux lmpr. Biérc I924 (Revue Méridloaalc).

 

Smn‘-Jonas (H.). — L'Atlanllde et (‘OI-Ian Atlanllque (Botdcaux Impr.

Biérc I925. in~8° I2 p. I carte, exlrall de la Revue Mérlllanale, I8

Man I925. '

 

Suarez (E). — Grand: encyclopedic (avec me come lrlfllagrapltie).

 

Sans (O.-0.). -—- Beskm-else. Deserlptlan da sept muw.-aux cumacb dlcauvem

entre les Antilles et (‘Ocean Allantlque meridional. (Stockholm In-4°).

 

Scharff. — some remarks on the Atlantis problem. 903.

 

Scmemrz. —- (Capltatne Baron van). -— Fomclwngsrrlse (dle) S.M. S.

. Gazelle. In den Yahren I874 bl: I876. (Le voyage efexplardlan cm

ral:sea'a de 80 Maiestl la - Gazelle . en I874-I876. Berlin I889-ION,

5 vol. n-4°.

 

llltiralre 4} lravu’: (‘Ocean Atlanliaue el l'Od¢II India! It demurr-

tes en rnalltre de physlque, de chlmle, de malagle, de gealogle. de Manl-

aae at de mitearalagle.

 

SCOTT-ELLIOT (\II.). — The story of Atlantls.

 

SCOYT-ELLIOT (W.). —- lxnlstolre de l‘Allantlde. — Esqume gtopapltlaue,

Ialstortque el ellmograplclque (tradalt de ranglais). Paris, Editions Rhea

I922, in-I2 VII + II3 p. 4 cartes.

 

Sums (De). —- Dletlonnaire dc glograpaie gmque et ramalue.

 

On y team an excellent resume dea opinion: el dex passages da an-

eiens auteur: qul out, an simplemerd [ail memlon de la tradition eddi-

vement d l'Allant!ae, on gut out eommente le passage de Plum.

 

Seance (Lewis). '— The problem 0/ Atlantl: (London, Mfilllam Rider and

Son um). .

 

Sun (P. ). — On the lost Allantls (Dial. Chteago. Val. XIV, 1). I78).

STIIABON . — Georg. (L. XVI).

 

Tuonu-sou (C.). — Atlaells not a Myth. — Populu Selena Monthty New-

York. Vol. XV, p. 759.

Atlartls (jawnal 0/ srienee, Vol XVI, p. 746).

 

Touuouse-Lwnec (Comte de). —- Un poem: (pique eatalan.

Lvlllantide. (Part. Getvah: I884).

 

Vmmuu. — L’/Itlantlde de Plalan. Dlssatdlon set son existence (IBIS).

 

 

 

 

W. J. Sidis wrote the following in The Tribes and the States, Chap. One, ca. 1937.

      

       2. The Cro-Magnons. In connection with the pre-history of the red peoples, an important fact is that there were red men at one time in Europe as well as in America. The most persistent of Europe's cave-dwelling races were the Cro-Magnons, who were physically very much like the red race, and are even shown by some cave paintings in Western Europe as colored red and wearing the same sort of top-feathers as were common among the eastern Algonquins of North America. The Cro-Magnons were mainly located near the Atlantic regions of Europe, though found over most of Europe and northern Africa. The densest Cro-Magnon population appears to have been around the head of the Bay of Biscay, where there is still spoken a language called Basque, which is totally unrelated to any language on earth, but whose general structure resembles only the red-race languages of America. That this type of language must have once been general through most of Europe is indicated by European place-names; so that, apparently, the language spoken in Europe before the advent of the Aryans must have been one of red-race structure.

 


See also Animate and Inanimate in Basque and Algonquin Languages

 

Sidis Archives Home Page

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basque Prehistory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Prehistory

 

--------------------------------------------

20 Most Fascinating Prehistoric Cave Paintings

http://www.oddee.com/item_93915.aspx

 

------------------------------------------

 

Cave of El Castillo

Access to the cave, in April 2008.

Engraved and perforated baton of the upper magdalenian found in the Cave of El Castillo.


The Cueva de El Castillo, or the Cave of the Castle, is an archaeological site within the complex of the Caves of Monte Castillo, and is located in Puente Viesgo, in the province of Cantabria, Spain. It contains the oldest known cave art in the world, which may be more than 40,000 years old.[1][2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_El_Castillo

The second-oldest known cave art is that of Chauvet Cave in France, the paintings of which date to earlier than 30,000 BCE (Upper Paleolithic) according to radiocarbon dating.[6] Some researchers believe the drawings are too advanced for this era and question this age.[7] However, more than 80 radiocarbon dates had been taken by 2011, with samples taken from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The radiocarbon dates from these samples show that there were two periods of creation in Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago. One of the surprises was that many of the paintings were modified repeatedly over thousands of years, possibly explaining the confusion about finer paintings that seemed to date earlier than cruder ones.[8] In 2009, spelunkers discovered drawings in Coliboaia Cave in Romania, stylistically comparable to those at Chauvet.[9] An initial dating puts the age of an image in the same range as Chauvet: about 32,000 years old.[10]

Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well-known Magdalenian style seen at Lascaux in France (c. 15,000 BCE) and Altamira in Spain died out about 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the advent of the Neolithic period. Some caves probably continued to be painted over a period of several thousands of years.[13]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting


30,000 year old cave hyena painting found in the Chauvet Cave.
 

 

Well known cave paintings include those of:


Lascaux, France
Grotte de Cussac, France
Pech Merle, near Cabrerets, France
La Marche, in Lussac-les-Châteaux, France
Chauvet Cave, near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France
Cave of Niaux, France
Cosquer Cave, with an entrance below sea level near Marseille, France
Font-de-Gaume, in the Dordogne Valley in France
Cave of Altamira, near Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain
Cueva de La Pasiega, Cuevas de El Castillo, Cantabria, Spain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting

Polychrome cave painting of a wolf, Font-de-Gaume.
Other sites include Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England, (cave etchings and bas-reliefs discovered in 2003), Coliboaia Cave[22] in Romania and Magura Cave in Bulgaria.

 

 

 

 

Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country

 

 

 

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/13/prehistoric-cave-art-discovered-in-basque-country/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country

 

 

 

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/files/2011/05/askondo-entrance1-480x640.jpg

Entrance to Askondo -- Unlike many other caves, Askondo can still be entered by the same passage used by the painters of the cave. Photo courtesy Diego Garate and Joseba Rios-Garaizar.


Map of Similar Horse Images Throughout Europe


Similar "duck billed" horse images have been found throughout Europe separated by thousands of years and hundreds of miles. Map by Stéphane Petrognani.

In a locally well known cave near an industrial town in Spain, researchers have unexpectedly discovered faint images of horses and hand prints dating back some 25,000 years.


Diego Garate of the Archaeological Museum of Biscay, in Bilbao. Photo courtesy Diego Garate.

Concerned that activity at a nearby stone quarry had destroyed much of the cave of Askondo, Diego Garate of the Archaeological Museum of Biscay in Bilbao, and Joseba Rios-Garaizar of the Max Planck Institute set out to determine if any archaeological material was still intact. They entered the cave outside the town of Mañaria and searched for bones, stones, and other artifacts. Only on their way out of the cave did they notice the paintings that they and many others had missed before. “Without a doubt,” says Garate, “[it was] a gift of destiny.”

Speleologists had worked in Askondo in the 1970s, and left their mark in the form of a bright red “3M7″ used to catalogue the cave, but they too missed the art just inches away. “They didn’t see the red horse!” says Garate. “Better for us. We will restore the figure.”

I spoke with Diego Garate over email to get more of the story.

How often do people find new paintings in this part of Spain?

The north of Spain is the first European region where caves with paleolithic art were located [in 1879 at Altamira], and for more than a century the findings have followed one another, every time with less frequency. In fact, in the province of Biscay, only four other decorated cavities have been found since 1904, so every new finding is very important.

Do you have any theories about why horses are shown so often in European cave art?

One thing we know is that the Palaeolithic artists did not strictly paint the same animals that they hunted and ate but, for some reason that we can’t understand, they chose other ones. In the north of Spain at the time the horses of Askondo were painted, hind [red deer] was the most represented animal. There are some caves that escape this tendency, perhaps due to regional artistic differences.

How do these compare to the paintings at Altamira or other caves in the area?

The paintings located in the cave of Askondo could be contemporary to the first stage of decoration of Altamira. In Altamira’s “ceiling of the polychromes,” below the famous bison, [older] red figures of horses are detected, very similar to the ones found in [Askondo]. There are other caves in the north of Spain–La Pasiega, La Haza, El Salitre, etc.–with red painted animals near the entrance of the cave, in zones of semi-darkness where still the sunlight arrives. [This contrasts with many of the more famous images from Europe, which are found in the darkest regions of caves. --A.H.]



Are there any ways in which the cave art of Spain as a whole is different from the cave art of France?

For the first periods of artistic activity, [yes]. The advantage of the cave of Askondo is that it is halfway between both territories. This geo-strategic position is reflected in the iconography, with some rather Pyrenean (French) elements like bones fitted into the walls, and some Cantabrian (Spanish) elements like twin outlines, and with others more general elements that appear on a large scale throughout Western Europe like the horses with “duck bills” or the hand stamps.



Do people living in the area now have any special beliefs about the caves?

There is a very ancient mythology in Basque culture related to caves. In fact, there is an old legend for Askondo cave which says that a young boy from the farmhouse near the cave passed close to the cave every day to go to spin wool in another farmhouse. One day the “lamiak” (half women-half duck mythological figure) who lived in the cave told him not to come back near the cave. He didn’t take care and one day he was [attacked] and disappeared in the cave. It is also said that Askondo cave was a witches’ meeting place.

The Basque language is the oldest spoken language in Europe…This ancient heritage makes us proud and aware of the necessity to preserve it in this globalized world.



What will happen next with your work in the cave?

At the moment, we have only done a preliminary study of the paintings. It is necessary to perform a detailed inspection of all the walls in the 300 meters of cave and also to perform some digging tests to know if there is an occupation site contemporary to the paintings. Also a restoration program is planned for the worst-conserved paintings. All these studies will be the object of a monographic publication where all the results of the project will be detailed.



See More Cave Art From National Geographic

Werner Herzog Talks About Making “Cave of Forgotten Dreams” in 3D

Explore France’s Niaux Cave

Dicover the Myths Behind the Rock Art of Hoyo de Sanabe

World’s Oldest Optical Illusion Found?

70th Anniversary of the Discovery of Lascaux

Keywords: Archaeology Basque cave art horses prehistoric rock art spain


Alex Jones
Colchester
April 8, 2012, 7:02 am

Horses are a symbol of the earth goddess.


Prehistoric Art With the Basques « The Adventures & Observations of Alice Kettle, Steampunk Anthropologist & Enthusiastic Traveller
July 25, 2011, 4:01 pm

[...] ‘In a locally well known cave near an industrial town in Spain, researchers have unexpectedly discovered faint images of horses and hand prints dating back some 25,000 years.’ Continue to read here. [...]




Prehistoric Cave Art Discovered in Basque Country « ufopress
May 31, 2011, 9:14 am

[...] Read more >> Categories: Uncategorized Tags: ancient, archaeology, awakening, basque, cave, cave art, civilisations, history, information, matter, news, prehistoric, reality, science, spain, wonders LikeBe the first to like this post. Comments (0) Trackbacks (0) Leave a comment Trackback [...]




Doc Hilliard
SoCal USA
May 22, 2011, 10:45 pm

Great story-would have been sensational had the “Basque country” been located in the sheep country outside Bakersfield California USA where thousands of Basques live and work.


Cave art uncovered in Basque country « Modern Men and Ancient Myths
May 19, 2011, 6:27 am

[...] Full details here: http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/13/prehistoric-cave-art-discovered-in-basque-country/

[...]


Dolores Regallis
Port Saint Lucie, Florida
May 16, 2011, 9:37 am

We are here or I am here, is the hand-print. The horse with a duck-like face is new to me. It doesn’t appear duck-like in the red outline, just grand and noble in movement. A great find from our past. Dolores, Art-Prints-Paintings http://www.art-prints-paintings.com




Prehistoric Paintings Found in Basque Village | Euskal Kazeta - Basque News
May 16, 2011, 12:19 am

[...] National Geographic has also written a story on the cave painting discovery. [...]




xzenoshot
usa
May 14, 2011, 9:01 pm

assuming the human impulse to make graffiti has remained the same (so that it would mean anything at all to us), the animals would be gang or tribal symbols meaning “we horse (deer/lion/rino/elephant/bison) people claim this turf”


 

Original
res, ce qui Ieur a permis de caractériser plus de 500 espbces différentes,